No one knows how much publishers make in return for providing these modest services, but we can guess. In 2017, the Association of Research Libraries surveyed its 123 member institutions and found they were paying a collective $1 billion in journal subscriptions every year. The ARL covers some of the biggest universities, but not nearly all of them, so let’s guess that number accounts for half of all university subscription spending. In 2023, the federal government estimated it paid nearly $380 million in article processing charges alone, and those are separate from subscriptions. So it wouldn’t be crazy if American universities were paying something like $2.5 billion to publishers every year, with the majority of that ultimately coming from taxpayers.
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。同城约会是该领域的重要参考
一出隧道，洞口七八级的大风让阴崇智一行人险些一个踉跄，在黑暗环境里数小时，日光也变得刺眼起来。“能让吕梁老区百姓平安出行，就是我最大的心愿！”阴崇智说。
今年26歲、來自越南的阿宗（化名）曾在台灣工作了7年。他先前工作的工廠缺乏台灣年輕勞工，台籍員工多為六、七十歲的高齡者。「其實工作都靠我們在做，如果我們不做，他們也做不來，但我們一直不受到重視。」他向BBC中文表示。